AI Law by Topic

Browse selected law, bill, policy and governance articles by subject. An article can appear under more than one topic; its status and sources are maintained on the linked article.

Organizational governance

• Virginia independent-verification study and RD734 report — Statutory feasibility study; November 2026 report favors testing higher-risk approaches before broader requirements, with small-sample evidence limitations.

• Washington AI task-force framework — 2024 statutory study and recommendation process; recommendations do not themselves enact law.
• AI Cyber Defense Act (H.R. 10873) — proposed voluntary AI model-security and defensive-cybersecurity standards.
• SEC FY2027 AI examination priorities — staff examination focus on AI risks, automated investment tools and existing compliance obligations.
• New Jersey A5711 AI-autonomy defense proposal — introduced October 22, 2026; would restrict the autonomy defense in civil and criminal proceedings while preserving other defenses.
• Missouri SB 1012: proposed AI legal status and professional responsibility — Senate-passed proposal; House committee voted Do Not Pass May 12, 2026.
• Oklahoma AI personhood bill (HB 3546) — Proposed restriction on AI legal personhood, preserving existing legal entities.
• Governance — Frameworks and guidance for overseeing AI systems.
• Organizational AI governance — Roles, inventories, assessment and monitoring.
• NIST AI Risk Management Framework
• NIST Generative AI Profile
• UK AI Risk Management Toolkit

Employment

• AI-related downturn and worker-support resolution (H.Res. 1642) — nonbinding proposal opposing corporate rescues and supporting households, retirement protections and economic stabilizers.
• New Jersey A5676 AI-processing tax and worker-transition fund proposal — introduced October 19, 2026; proposed 10 percent processing-value tax to support workers displaced by AI.
• Oguntade v. Merit Systems Protection Board — Federal employee whistleblower appeal over a VA AI disability-claims tool; September 22, 2026 reversal and remand.
• AI Whistleblower Protection Act (S. 1792) — Proposed federal protection for AI workers reporting legal and safety concerns.
• Connecticut Online Safety Act (SB 5) — Employment AI and implementation resources.
• Australia: employment, discrimination and workplace safety
• California AB 2602
• California SB 947 (2025–2026)
• California AB 1883 (2025–2026)
• Colorado SB26-189

Insurance

• Mortgage-insurance and automated title-review directions — EO 14438; conditional FHFA/Enterprise pilots and program expansion, not automatic cancellation.
• Insurance — Coverage, policy wording and insurance disputes.
• AI in insurance claims and underwriting disputes — Claims decisions, underwriting and regulatory oversight.
• Protecting Patients from Automated Denials Act (119th Congress)

Healthcare

• PATIENT AI Act discussion draft — proposed FDA and health-IT review, privacy safeguards and Medicare coverage/payment processes.
• CMS WISeR Model — Original Medicare AI-assisted review pilot and oversight concerns.
• Australia: AI medical-device regulation
• Alabama SB 63
• California AB 3030
• Tennessee SB 1580
• Maine LD 2082
• Doctors Not AI Act (119th Congress)
• Protecting Patients from Automated Denials Act (119th Congress)

Consumer service and automated assistance

• Brazil Consumer Service Decree — AI-assisted services, human options and regulated-provider scope.

Children and companion chatbots

• Alabama AI and children’s internet-safety study commission — HJR51 study and legislative-recommendation mandate; report due November 1, 2026, with dissolution tied to filing.
• Hawaii AI companion safeguards (Act 248) — disclosure, minor protections and annual reporting; operator/model-developer scope and no new private action.
• New York unsafe AI companion features law (S9051B) — Chapter 368 signed October 28; principal feature restrictions and age-assurance duties commence January 1, 2027.
• North Dakota companion-chatbot staff draft — October 2026 interim draft; proposed disclosures, crisis protocols and minor-user safeguards.
• Vermont Age-Appropriate Design Code Act — Enacted minors’ data, online-design and algorithmic-recommendation protections; principal commencement January 1, 2027; separate proposed design and age-assurance rules.
• Missouri SB 1012: proposed companion-chatbot safeguards — Senate-passed proposal; House committee voted Do Not Pass May 12, 2026.
• Connecticut Online Safety Act (SB 5) — Chatbot safeguards and implementation resources.
• Canada’s Safe Social Media Act (Bill C-34) — Proposed chatbot and child-safety duties.
• Washington AI companion chatbot law (HB 2225)
• Idaho S 1297 Conversational AI Safety Act
• Nebraska LB 1185 Conversational AI Safety Act
• Oregon SB 1546 AI Companion Law
• Adam’s Law (California SB 1119, 2025–2026)
• California SB 867 (2025–2026)
• CHATBOT Act (119th Congress)

Deepfakes and digital replicas

• Hawaii realistic digital imitation protections (Act 247) — July 14, 2026 law; specified publication prohibitions, expression exceptions and civil remedies.
• Washington fabricated-intimate-image civil remedies — consent, disclosure liability, exceptions and remedies under Chapter 7.110 RCW.
• Pennsylvania election-deepfake proposals — House-passed HB 811 remains in the Senate; Boscola’s separate May 2026 memorandum remains unintroduced in its official record.
• Washington fabricated-intimate-image disclosure offense — current criminal provisions enacted in 2024, including AI-generated depictions and specified exceptions.
• New Jersey A3058 Deepfake Technology Unit proposal — October 19 amended text for technical assistance, evidence analysis and training.
• Pennsylvania AI Deceptive Advertising Act (Act 99 of 2026) — signed October 22; AI advertising disclosures commence December 21, 2026.
• Pennsylvania mandated-reporting amendments (Act 87 of 2026) — signed October 22; reporting of suspected AI-generated child sexual abuse material commences January 20, 2027.
• Securing Elections From AI Deception Act (H.R. 10841) — proposed federal AI election-content disclosures and safeguards.
• REAL Political Advertisements Act — H.R. 10814, introduced October 15, 2026 and referred to House Administration; proposed federal AI-image/video political-ad disclosures.
• Minnesota nudification technology law (H.F. 1606 / Chapter 72) — Statutory prohibition and civil remedies; see the linked xAI constitutional challenge and appellate injunction.
• United States v Anderegg — Federal appellate ruling on an as-applied challenge to a possession charge involving AI-generated virtual child sexual abuse material.
• Australia: deepfake offences and online safety
• Washington forged digital likenesses law (SB 5886)
• Washington fabricated depictions of minors law (SB 5105)
• TAKE IT DOWN Act
• California AB 1836
• California AB 2602
• California AB 2839
• Tennessee SB 2041

Transparency and data protection

• New Jersey A4728 housing-photo proposal — October 22 third reprint concerning altered property images, disclosures and enforcement.
• Arizona SB 1786 content-verification proposal — official record lists held awaiting concurrence or conference; latest listed transmission May 5, 2026.
• New Jersey A5089 AI Image Disclosure Act — introduced proposal for visible and latent content disclosures and social-media provenance labeling.
• USPS Customer Call Center records proposal — Proposed Privacy Act system for AI-supported customer service; records, retention and access safeguards.
• U.S. Stealth Bot Prohibition Act (H.R. 9915) — proposed bot identity and purpose-disclosure protections.
• New York synthetic-performer advertising disclosures — General Business Law § 396-b.
• Australia: AI privacy and automated-decision disclosures
• Washington AI provenance and disclosure law (HB 1170)
• California AI Transparency Act
• California AB 2013
• California AB 1008
• AI Advertising Disclosure Act (119th Congress)
• Data (Use and Access) Act 2025

Frontier-model safety

• New York S10731 oversight expansion proposal — October 28 introduction; independent frontier examiners and proposed risk-control powers.
• New Jersey A5275 frontier-developer disclosures — June 2026 introduced proposal for risk protocols, disclosures and audits.
• Artificial Intelligence Risk Management and Security Act (S. 5576) — Proposed federal AI Safety Board and frontier-model oversight.
• Michigan HB 4668 — Proposed foundation-model risk protocols, transparency, audits and whistleblower protections.
• CLAIM Act — Discussion draft proposing developer liability for certain injuries to non-users.
• New York City model-validation bill (Int 1100-2026) — Introduced October 8, 2026; proposes third-party assessments and human shut-down capability for AI models.
• United Kingdom policy on catastrophic AI risk
• China policy on catastrophic AI risk
• European Union policy on catastrophic AI risk — EU systemic-risk governance and policy tradeoffs.
• United States policy on catastrophic AI risk — Comparative overview of U.S. approaches.
• NIST AI Risk Management Framework
• NIST Generative AI Profile
• Illinois SB 315 Artificial Intelligence Safety Measures Act
• New York RAISE Act
• EU AI Act
• FRONTIER Act (119th Congress)
• Ban Artificial Superintelligence Act

Government use and procurement

• Peru public-sector AI officers — Administrative directive on oversight responsibilities, institutional coordination and phased appointments.
• H.R. 10915 cloud-security proposal — agentic credentials, AI-assisted anomaly detection and conditional federal procurement alignment.
• H.R. 10900 plate-reader accountability proposal — reporting and grant conditions for specified misuse and corrective measures.
• Coast Guard AI search-and-rescue research proposal — proposed cooperative testing of sensor tools, distinct from a procurement award.
• North Dakota AI council and sandbox staff draft — October 2026 proposal for AI disclosures, enforcement, supervised testing and an advisory council; not enacted law.
• New Jersey A5643 school AI proposal — proposed DOE division, limits on student AI use through grade 10 and grades 11–12 AI instruction.
• Transparent Automated Governance Act (S. 5648) — proposed agency AI transparency, appeal, procurement and data protections.
• Treasury Fraud.gov tip intake — information-collection notice describing AI-assisted standardization and routing with respondent and agency review.
• Virginia instructional AI guidance and pilot statute — Departmental guidance and consistent school-board policies; pilot program subject to appropriated funds.
• Federal SI terminology and NIST overlay-project implementation — Executive Order 14434; NIST’s October 20 project rename leaves previously issued publications unchanged.
• West Virginia HB 5205 school technology and AI proposal — proposed school AI-use policies, human grading responsibility and optional high-school sandbox courses.
• DHS DeepSeek exclusion and removal order — covered civilian-agency procurement exclusion, system removal and order-specific exceptions.
• West Virginia statutory AI task force — advisory responsibilities, agency-use inventory and July 1, 2027 termination.
• Virginia school internet-safety instruction — statutory curriculum coverage of scams, misinformation and AI-generated content.
• Argentina justice AI strategy coordination — ministerial strategy planning and evaluation of justice-sector AI tools.
• GSA LLM data safeguarding clause (2026) — Federal procurement safeguards for government data in covered LLM systems, including contract scope, oversight and incident reporting.
• Mississippi AIR Task Force law (SB 2426, 2025) — Enacted study and recommendation body for government AI use and potential legislation.
• Critical Infrastructure AI Cyber Defense Pilot Program bill (H.R. 10519) — Proposed CISA-administered cybersecurity assistance.
• Montana government AI disclosures and human review (HB 178) — statutory public-interface disclosures and human review of decisions affecting rights.
• Artificial Intelligence Governance and Emerging Threats Act — Proposed presidential AI-policy office and congressional oversight.
• CISA Securing AI Task Force Act (119th Congress) — Proposed internal CISA security coordination.
• Insider Threat Reporting and Security Guidance Act of 2026 — Proposed reporting by large defense AI contractors.
• Australia: Commonwealth government AI policy
• OMB Memorandum M-25-21
• OMB Memorandum M-25-22
• AI in Government Act of 2020
• AI Training Act
• Advancing American AI Act
• Executive Order 14319
• Travis County courtroom recording rules — prior authorization for courtroom recording, including AI transcription, in the civil and family district courts.
• Iowa Court Rules Chapter 27
• Canadian IRB Practice Notice on Artificial Intelligence

Data centers and infrastructure

• New Jersey A5729 AI-data-center permitting proposal — October 29 introduction; expedited procedures for on-site natural-gas-powered centers, subject to future rulemaking if enacted.
• Bipartisan American Affordability and Jobs Act of 2026 — proposed federal data-center grid-cost and permitting measure.
• EU data-centre sustainability rating proposal — September 21, 2026 proposal under parliamentary and Council scrutiny.
• Australia: proposed national AI standards
• Ratepayer Protection Act (119th Congress)
• Accelerating Federal Permitting of Data Center Infrastructure
• Texas Data Center Audit Directive (2026)
• New Jersey A5165 (2026–2027)
• New Jersey S3379 (2026–2027)

Algorithmic pricing

• FTC pricing and gig-pay inquiry — information gathering on personal-data use.
• H.R. 10905 grocery-pricing proposal — personal-data, biometric and defined dynamic-pricing restrictions.
• Seattle grocery-pricing ordinance (Ordinance 127515) — signed October 5, 2026; pricing provisions commence September 1, 2027.
• Maryland AI Dynamic Pricing Act
• New Jersey A3497 (2026–2027)
• Connecticut SB 4 (2026)

Research

• Research — Academic papers organized by legal subject, jurisdiction, year and publication type in the research tracker.

Connected devices and sensing

• FCC ultra-wideband and AI-sensing rulemaking — Proposed radio-device modernization and questions about a possible AI-sensing category; no final AI-device class adopted.