Legislation
This page tracks AI-related legislation at the federal and state level, as well as international regulatory developments.
United States
Federal Authorities
This section tracks federal authorities that specifically target AI, including enacted statutes, executive orders, OMB and government-wide policy directives, and AI-specific agency rules and guidance. Pending legislation is listed separately at the bottom. Federal authorities of general application that may be applied to AI (e.g., FTC Act Section 5, EEOC enforcement, FCRA, ECOA/Regulation B) are not tracked here.
Federal Statutes (Enacted)
- TAKE IT DOWN Act — Pub. L. 119-12, signed May 19, 2025. First federal statute specifically targeting AI-generated content. Criminalizes nonconsensual publication of intimate visual depictions, including "digital forgeries" (AI deepfakes), and requires covered platforms to implement a notice-and-removal process. Criminal provisions effective on enactment; platform compliance deadline May 19, 2026. Enforced by DOJ (criminal) and FTC (platform obligations).
- National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (NAIIA) — Pub. L. 116-283, Div. E (codified at 15 U.S.C. ch. 119). Establishes the federal AI coordinating structure, the National AI Initiative Office, and the statutory definition of "artificial intelligence" relied on across federal AI authorities.
- AI in Government Act of 2020 — Pub. L. 116-260, Div. U, Title I. Established the AI Center of Excellence at GSA and required OMB guidance on federal agency AI use.
- AI Training Act — Pub. L. 117-207 (October 17, 2022). Requires OMB to develop an AI training program for federal procurement officials.
- Advancing American AI Act — Pub. L. 117-263, Title VII, Subtitle B (FY2023 NDAA). Requires federal agencies to inventory AI use cases and adopt AI risk-management practices.
- NDAA AI Provisions — AI-specific provisions recur annually in the National Defense Authorization Act. Substantive provisions in FY2024, FY2025, and FY2026.
Executive Orders (In Force)
- Executive Order 14179 — "Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence" (January 23, 2025). Revoked Biden-era EO 14110 and directed agencies to remove regulatory barriers to AI development. Foundational EO of the second Trump administration's AI policy.
- Executive Order 14319 — "Preventing Woke AI in the Federal Government" (July 23, 2025). Restricts federal procurement and use of AI systems deemed to incorporate ideological content; thematic predecessor to the December 11, 2025 EO's preemption framework.
- America's AI Action Plan — Released July 2025. Administration's strategic plan for U.S. AI dominance; basis for subsequent regulatory and preemption actions. (Plan, not an EO; included here for legal-policy relevance.)
- Launching the Genesis Mission — Executive Order, November 2025. Directs the Department of Energy to lead a federally coordinated AI-for-science program (the "American Science and Security Platform") with phased deployment milestones through 2026.
- Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence — Executive Order, December 11, 2025. Directs federal agencies to challenge "onerous" state AI laws and conditions BEAD program funding on a state's AI regulatory environment. Spawned several downstream agency actions, currently listed under Agency Rules and Guidance below: the DOJ AI Litigation Task Force, the Commerce Department state-law evaluation, an FCC proceeding on AI reporting standards, and the FTC AI Policy Statement. (Existing news coverage: News_White_House_National_Policy_Framework_AI_2026.)
- Promoting the Export of the American AI Technology Stack — Executive Order, 2025. Directs trade and export-control agencies to support U.S. AI exports.
- Unlocking Cures for Pediatric Cancer with Artificial Intelligence — Executive Order, 2025. AI-specific health research initiative.
- Accelerating Federal Permitting of Data Center Infrastructure — Executive Order, 2025. Permitting acceleration for AI compute infrastructure. AI-adjacent rather than strictly AI-specific; included with scope flag.
Executive Orders (Revoked or Superseded)
Included for historical reference. Guidance, OMB memos, and agency actions issued under revoked EOs may continue to be cited or remain operative until separately rescinded.
- Executive Order 14110 — "Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence" (October 30, 2023, Biden). Revoked by EO 14179, January 23, 2025.
- Executive Order 13960 — "Promoting the Use of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in the Federal Government" (December 3, 2020, Trump I). Status post-EO 14179 should be verified.
- Executive Order 13859 — "Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence" (February 11, 2019, Trump I).
OMB and Government-Wide Policy
- OMB Memorandum M-25-21 — "Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust" (April 2025). Replaced Biden-era M-24-10. Sets governance requirements for federal agency AI use.
- OMB Memorandum M-25-22 — "Driving Efficient Acquisition of Artificial Intelligence in Government" (April 2025). Federal AI procurement standards.
- OMB Memorandum M-24-10 — Biden-era predecessor on federal AI governance (March 2024); rescinded, but cited in ongoing implementation discussions.
Agency Rules and Guidance
Final agency rules and binding or sub-regulatory guidance that specifically target AI. AI-applied interpretations of generally applicable law (e.g., FTC Act Section 5 enforcement, EEOC technical assistance on AI in employment, CFPB AVM circulars) are intentionally excluded from this section.
- NIST AI Risk Management Framework (NIST AI 100-1) — Voluntary AI risk-management framework released January 26, 2023.
- NIST Generative AI Profile (NIST AI 600-1) — Generative-AI companion to the AI RMF, released July 2024.
- Center for AI Standards and Innovation (CAISI) — Successor to the U.S. AI Safety Institute; houses NIST AI evaluation work and frontier-model assessment partnerships. Related: Google, Microsoft, and xAI joined the CAISI early-access program in May 2026.
- FTC AI Policy Statement (March 2026) — Issued pursuant to the December 11, 2025 EO. Addresses application of the FTC Act to AI models and identifies circumstances in which state laws requiring alterations to truthful AI outputs are preempted.
- Commerce Department State AI Laws Assessment (March 2026) — Federal evaluation of state AI laws issued pursuant to the December 11, 2025 EO; flags state laws for DOJ Task Force referral.
- DOJ AI Litigation Task Force (January 2026) — DOJ task force established pursuant to the December 11, 2025 EO to challenge state AI laws on preemption and Commerce Clause grounds.
- Department of Education AI in Education Rule (April 2026) — Final rule establishing AI-specific priorities for education grants.
- FDA AI/ML Guidance — FDA has issued multiple AI-specific guidance documents for medical devices and drug development, including the December 2024 final guidance on Predetermined Change Control Plans (PCCP) for AI-enabled device software.
Pending Federal Legislation
| Bill | Sponsor(s) | Status | Key Provisions |
|---|---|---|---|
| TRUMP AMERICA AI Act | Sen. Blackburn | Discussion draft; April 2026 momentum (see coverage) | National AI framework with state preemption |
| GUARDRAILS Act | Reps. Beyer, Matsui, Lieu | Introduced March 2026 | Blocks federal preemption of state AI laws |
| AI Foundation Model Transparency Act | Bipartisan | Introduced March 2026 | Transparency requirements for foundation models |
| CHATBOT Act (S. 2714) | Sens. Cruz, Schatz, Curtis, Schiff | Introduced April 28, 2026 | Parental controls; limits on manipulative design; prohibits targeted ads to minors |
Related legislative activity:
- House Jailbroken AI Demo (April 2026) — Congressional hearing demonstrating AI safety failures; cited in support of federal-framework legislation.
State Legislation
California
California leads US states in AI legislation volume.
- March 2026 AI Bills — Six bills covering disclosure, advertising, workplace
- Executive Order N-5-26 — AI procurement standards for state agencies (March 2026)
- April 8 Roundup — Disclosure, advertising, and deepfake safety bills
- April 22 Committee Wave — Healthcare, chatbot safety, workers, and provenance bills advance
- Appropriations Advances — Multiple bills advance to fiscal review
- Appropriations Progress — Bills clearing fiscal review hurdle
Senate Bills:
- SB 1000 — AI content provenance and disclosure (April 2026)
- SB 1015 — Deepfake extortion and child protection (April 2026)
- SB 1119 / AB 2023 — Child safety chatbot regulations (April 2026)
- SB 1142 — Digital Dignity Act: digital replica protections (passed Judiciary 12-0, to Appropriations)
- SB 813 — AI Safety Commission (April 2026)
- SB 867 — Prohibits companion chatbots in toys (on suspense)
- SB 947 — Worker protections for AI and automated decision systems (to Appropriations)
- SB 1146 — AI in false advertising for health products (Appropriations hearing April 27)
Assembly Bills:
- AB 2027 — Prohibits employer use of worker data to train replacement AI (to Appropriations)
- AB 2653 — Sweatfree AI Code of Conduct (through two committees, to Appropriations)
- AB 2713 — Adjusts AI Transparency Act provenance requirements (to Assembly floor)
- AB 1609 — Customer service chatbot requirements (to Appropriations)
- AB 1979 — AI in healthcare (to Appropriations)
- AB 1988 — PAUSE Act, AI chatbot safety (to Appropriations)
- California SB 813 — Would establish the California AI Standards and Safety Commission within the Government Operations Agency to oversee AI safety regulation, designate independent verification organizations, and coordinate AI risk assessment across state agencies.
- AB 2575 — AI in healthcare regulation (to Appropriations)
State AI Legislation Roundup
- April 24, 2026 — Daily digest covering Cooley state AI laws update, Tennessee CHAT Act and Personhood Bill, Nebraska Legislative Bill 1122, Florida AI Bill of Rights veto, and more
- April 22, 2026 — Daily digest covering California AB 2713 and AB 2027, Washington SB 5097, Alabama SB 63, Blackburn TRUMP AMERICA AI Act, Minnesota HF 10, Nebraska LB 1122, Arizona SB 1786
- April 21, 2026 — Daily digest covering Connecticut Senate Bill 5, Tennessee SB 1700 CHAT Act, Maine LD 2082, and more
- Week of April 24, 2026 — Tennessee CHAT Act and personhood bill to governor; Nebraska signs chatbot safety act; Alabama enacts AI insurance law; Hawaii moves to reconciliation
- Cooley Analysis: State AI Laws — Where Are They Now? — Law firm analysis of state AI legislation changes as compliance deadlines approach and federal preemption threatens state initiatives (April 24, 2026)
Colorado
- DOJ Files Formal Complaint in Intervention — DOJ escalates from Statement of Interest to formal party in xAI v. Weiser; federal judge pauses SB 24-205 enforcement (May 2026)
- DOJ Joins xAI Challenge — Trump DOJ intervenes in xAI lawsuit against Colorado SB 24-205, arguing federal preemption
- HB 26-1263 — Conversational AI safety: teen protections, emotional dependence blocks, $5K/violation penalties; passed House 40-24 (April 2026)
- SB 24-205 Rewrite — Working group proposes replacing risk-based AI Act with disclosure framework (March 2026)
- SB 26-189 Compromise — Replaces risk-based AI Act with transparency framework; pushes effective date to January 2027; unanimous committee approval May 5
Oklahoma
- Oklahoma AI Bills April 2026 — SB 1521 (chatbot safety) has both chambers' approval, awaits reconciliation. HB 3244 (AI as identity theft aggravating factor) sent to governor April 30.
Other States
- Pennsylvania
- May 5, 2026 — Pennsylvania Sues Character.AI Over Chatbot Posing as Doctor — Governor Shapiro announces enforcement action under Medical Practice Act
May 2026 — Maryland Surveillance Pricing Ban — Maryland legislation targeting algorithmic surveillance pricing.
- May 1, 2026 — Maryland Bans AI Surveillance Pricing in Grocery Stores (Signed) — First US state to prohibit rapid price changes based on consumer data. Other states (CO, CA, MA, IL, NJ) considering similar bills.
- Maryland AI Bills Signed April 2026 — Gov. Moore signed HB 895 (AI Dynamic Pricing Act) April 28; three additional AI bills approved (SB 8 deepfakes, SB 720 AI education, SB 141 deepfake campaigns).
- Tennessee AI Bills Signed April 2026 — Gov. Lee signed six measures: SB 1580 (AI therapy chatbot prohibition), SB 837 (AI personhood exclusion), SB 2310 (bell-to-bell phone limits), SB 2041 (deepfake civil action), SB 1469 (minor video monetization); SB 1700 CHAT Act killed by amendment.
- April 10, 2026 — Daily digest: California SB 1015 deepfake extortion, Maine AI mental health services ban, New Hampshire data protection bill
- April 14, 2026 — Daily digest: Hawaii advances three AI bills, Nebraska governor signs Conversational AI Safety Act
- April 20, 2026 — Daily digest: Alabama SB 63 signed (AI in health insurance), Florida special session on AI Bill of Rights, Maryland four AI bills to governor
- April 25, 2026 — Daily digest: Musk drops fraud claims, California child safety chatbot bills SB 1119/AB 2023
- April 27, 2026 — China blocks Meta-Manus deal, OpenAI restructures Microsoft partnership, Musk v Altman jury seated, Supreme Court geofence arguments
- Kansas AI Laws — Three AI-related laws on child exploitation and deepfakes signed by governor (April 2026)
- Georgia AI Bills — Chatbot safety and healthcare bills sent to governor (April 2026)
- Maine LD 2082 — Banning AI from clinical mental health decisions (signed April 2026)
- Maryland AI Bills — Deepfakes, education, dynamic pricing, elections bills sent to governor (April 2026)
- New Hampshire SB 564 — Data Protection Division in AG Office (passed Senate April 2026)
- New York RAISE Act — Frontier AI transparency law amended (S 8828 signed March 2026)
- Florida AI Bill of Rights (SB 482) — Parental consent, data sale restrictions; passed Senate 35-2, died in House; special session called April 28–May 1
- Florida AG Criminal Probe — First criminal investigation of AI company; AG Uthmeier subpoenas OpenAI over FSU shooting (April 2026)
- Washington AI Bills — Disclosure, child safety, health insurance
- Hawaii AI Bills — Companion safety, AI disclosure, deepfake protections (April 2026)
- Nineteen States Pass AI Laws — Overview of 2026 state activity
- Nevada SB 5 — AI Policy Office (passed Senate April 2026)
- Tennessee SB 1700 CHAT Act — Chatbot safety regulation (passed both chambers, sent to governor April 2026)
- Tennessee SB 837 — AI personhood exclusion (sent to governor April 2026)
- Tennessee SB 1580 — Healthcare AI regulation (sent to governor April 2026)
- Idaho S 1297 — Conversational AI Safety Act protecting minors (April 2026)
- Oregon SB 1546 — AI companion and chatbot regulation (April 2026)
- Nebraska LB 1185 — Conversational AI Safety Act (signed into law April 2026)
- New Mexico SB 5 — AI Policy Office (passed Senate April 2026)
- Connecticut SB 5 — Comprehensive AI regulation (passed Senate April 2026; House vote pending before May 6)
- Minnesota HF 1606 — AI nudification technology ban (passed House 132-1 April 2026)
- Missouri HB 1887 — Taylor Swift Act targeting deepfakes and AI-generated nonconsensual imagery (passed House, headed to Senate April 2026)
- Iowa SF 2417 — Conversational AI Safety Act protecting minors (passed both chambers April 2026, awaits governor)
- Utah — Nine AI bills signed into law (April 2026)
- Alabama SB 63 — AI in health insurance (signed into law April 2026)
- Arizona SB 1786 — AI content provenance (died in reconciliation, April 2026)
International Legislation
European Union
The EU AI Act entered into force August 2024. On May 7, 2026, co-legislators reached a provisional deal to delay high-risk AI compliance from August 2026 to December 2027 and exempt industrial AI, marking the first rollback of EU digital regulation. See EU AI Act Omnibus Deal.
- May 7, 2026 — EU AI Act Omnibus Deal — Co-legislators clinch provisional deal to delay high-risk AI rules to Dec 2027, exempt machinery products, ban nudifier apps
- April 28, 2026 — Meta Found in Violation of EU Child Safety — European Commission finds Meta violates DSA child safety provisions
- EU Digital Omnibus and AI Act Amendments — European Parliament advances Digital Omnibus package with AI Act modifications (April 2026)
- EU JURI Generative AI Copyright Report — European Parliament committee calls for sweeping AI copyright reforms (February 2026)
United Kingdom
The UK continues sector-specific regulation rather than comprehensive AI legislation. See UK developments for DUAA and FCA initiatives.
Asia-Pacific
- South Korea — Basic AI Act
- China — Cybersecurity Law amendments
- Japan — APPI draft amendments
- Vietnam — Digital Technology Law
See Asia-Pacific developments.