Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH v ROSS Intelligence Inc
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Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH v. ROSS Intelligence Inc. concerns use of Westlaw headnotes in material used to train a competing legal-research system. The case addresses copyrightability and fair use in machine-learning development.[1]
District-court ruling and appeal
In 2025, Judge Stephanos Bibas ruled that selected Westlaw headnotes were copyrightable and that ROSS’s copying was not fair use. The court certified controlling questions for interlocutory appeal, including whether short quotations or paraphrases of judicial holdings are copyrightable and whether the internal training use was fair.[1]
The Third Circuit heard argument in appeal No. 25-2153 on June 11, 2026. No appellate opinion was listed when this page was prepared.[2]