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Anat Lior

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Scholarship · AI safety and accountability

Anat Lior is an assistant professor at Drexel University’s Thomas R. Kline School of Law whose research examines AI governance, liability and insurance. Her scholarship considers how tort law and insurance can allocate the risks of AI-related harm and influence the behavior of companies developing or deploying these technologies.[1][2]

Roles and affiliations

Drexel identifies Lior as an AI Schmidt affiliated scholar with Yale’s Jackson School and an affiliated fellow at the Yale Information Society Project. She earned her JSD at Yale Law School, researching AI’s relationship with tort, insurance and antitrust law. Her listed courses include AI Governance and Liability and Insurance and Emerging Technologies.[1]

Contributions and positions

Insurance as AI governance

In Insuring AI (2022), Lior argues that debates about responsibility for AI harm should consider insurance alongside liability rules. She presents insurance as a way to influence the behavior of insured organizations and reduce risks, as well as a means of managing losses. Her proposal connects the development of insurance markets with the safer commercial adoption of AI.[2]

Innovating Liability (2023) develops this argument through the interaction of technology, tort law and liability insurance. Lior describes a cycle in which new technologies create risks, liability rules encourage insurance purchases, and insurance arrangements can in turn influence the development of liability rules. She argues that insurance can facilitate innovation while helping manage its harms, despite difficulties in pricing unfamiliar risks.[3]

Empirical research on AI insurance

In E/Insuring the AI Age (2025), Lior studies AI liability coverage through interviews with industry participants, including underwriters, brokers and AI users. The article examines whether specialized AI policies are needed and whether existing cyber and product-liability coverage leaves gaps. It also considers how anticipated regulation and financial penalties affect the developing market for AI insurance.[4]

The study brings practical underwriting questions into the legal discussion: how insurers assess uncertain AI risks, how existing policies respond, and what role lawmakers should play. Its findings describe an evolving market rather than establishing that any particular AI-related loss is covered by an insurance policy.[4]

Applying tort law to AI harm

In Holding AI Accountable (2024), Lior argues that existing tort doctrines remain useful even when AI systems make causation and foreseeability difficult to assess. She discusses proximate cause, market-share liability and respondeat superior, the doctrine associated with an employer’s responsibility for an employee’s conduct. Her analysis explores how established legal tools could address AI-related injuries instead of assuming that AI requires an entirely new tort system.[5]

Lior emphasizes the flexibility of these doctrines and the continuing relevance of human and organizational responsibility. The article’s proposed applications are scholarly arguments; they do not establish a universal rule governing every AI developer, deployer or user.[5]

Selected works

News and coverage

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Drexel University Kline School of Law, Anat Lior, faculty profile. Accessed September 7, 2026.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Anat Lior, Insuring AI: The Role of Insurance in Artificial Intelligence Regulation, 35 Harvard Journal of Law & Technology 467 (2022), Drexel repository abstract. Accessed September 7, 2026.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Anat Lior, Innovating Liability: The Virtuous Cycle of Torts, Technology and Liability Insurance, 25 Yale Journal of Law & Technology 448 (2023). Accessed September 7, 2026.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Anat Lior, E/Insuring the AI Age: Empirical Insights into Artificial Intelligence Liability Policies, Connecticut Insurance Law Journal 31(2) (2025), Drexel repository abstract. Accessed September 7, 2026.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Anat Lior, Holding AI Accountable: Addressing AI-Related Harms Through Existing Tort Doctrines, University of Chicago Law Review Online, November 18, 2024. Accessed September 7, 2026.
  6. ↑ Drexel News Blog, Q+A: When Interactions with AI cause harm, who is responsible?, December 15, 2025. Accessed September 7, 2026.
  7. ↑ Drexel Kline School of Law, Lior Publishes Article in Yale Journal of Law & Technology, September 29, 2023. Accessed September 7, 2026.
Profile sources last reviewed September 7, 2026. Dated positions and developments are identified in the text.
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