United States Federal Authorities

United States (Federal Authorities)

This section tracks federal authorities that specifically target AI, including enacted statutes, executive orders, OMB and government-wide policy directives, and AI-specific agency rules and guidance. Pending legislation is listed separately at the bottom. Federal authorities of general application that may be applied to AI (e.g., FTC Act Section 5, EEOC enforcement, FCRA, ECOA/Regulation B) are not tracked here.

Federal Statutes (Enacted)

• TAKE IT DOWN Act — Pub. L. 119-12, signed May 19, 2025. First federal statute specifically targeting AI-generated content. Criminalizes nonconsensual publication of intimate visual depictions, including "digital forgeries" (AI deepfakes), and requires covered platforms to implement a notice-and-removal process. Criminal provisions effective on enactment; platform compliance deadline May 19, 2026. Enforced by DOJ (criminal) and FTC (platform obligations).
• National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (NAIIA) — Pub. L. 116-283, Div. E (codified at 15 U.S.C. ch. 119). Establishes the federal AI coordinating structure, the National AI Initiative Office, and the statutory definition of "artificial intelligence" relied on across federal AI authorities.
• AI in Government Act of 2020 — Pub. L. 116-260, Div. U, Title I. Established the AI Center of Excellence at GSA and required OMB guidance on federal agency AI use.
• AI Training Act — Pub. L. 117-207 (October 17, 2022). Requires OMB to develop an AI training program for federal procurement officials.
• Advancing American AI Act — Pub. L. 117-263, Title VII, Subtitle B (FY2023 NDAA). Requires federal agencies to inventory AI use cases and adopt AI risk-management practices.
• NDAA AI Provisions — AI-specific provisions recur annually in the National Defense Authorization Act. Substantive provisions in FY2024, FY2025, and FY2026.

Executive Orders (In Force)

• Executive Order 14179 — "Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence" (January 23, 2025). Revoked Biden-era EO 14110 and directed agencies to remove regulatory barriers to AI development. Foundational EO of the second Trump administration's AI policy.
• Executive Order 14319 — "Preventing Woke AI in the Federal Government" (July 23, 2025). Restricts federal procurement and use of AI systems deemed to incorporate ideological content; thematic predecessor to the December 11, 2025 EO's preemption framework.
• America's AI Action Plan — Released July 2025. Administration's strategic plan for U.S. AI dominance; basis for subsequent regulatory and preemption actions. (Plan, not an EO; included here for legal-policy relevance.)
• Launching the Genesis Mission — Executive Order, November 2025. Directs the Department of Energy to lead a federally coordinated AI-for-science program (the "American Science and Security Platform") with phased deployment milestones through 2026.
• Ensuring a National Policy Framework for Artificial Intelligence — Executive Order, December 11, 2025. Directs federal agencies to challenge "onerous" state AI laws and conditions BEAD program funding on a state's AI regulatory environment. Spawned several downstream agency actions, currently listed under Agency Rules and Guidance below: the DOJ AI Litigation Task Force, the Commerce Department state-law evaluation, an FCC proceeding on AI reporting standards, and the FTC AI Policy Statement. (Existing news coverage: News_White_House_National_Policy_Framework_AI_2026.)
• Promoting the Export of the American AI Technology Stack — Executive Order, 2025. Directs trade and export-control agencies to support U.S. AI exports.
• Unlocking Cures for Pediatric Cancer with Artificial Intelligence — Executive Order, 2025. AI-specific health research initiative.
• Accelerating Federal Permitting of Data Center Infrastructure — Executive Order, 2025. Permitting acceleration for AI compute infrastructure. AI-adjacent rather than strictly AI-specific; included with scope flag.

Executive Orders (Revoked or Superseded)

Included for historical reference. Guidance, OMB memos, and agency actions issued under revoked EOs may continue to be cited or remain operative until separately rescinded.

• Executive Order 14110 — "Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence" (October 30, 2023, Biden). Revoked by EO 14179, January 23, 2025.
• Executive Order 13960 — "Promoting the Use of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in the Federal Government" (December 3, 2020, Trump I). Status post-EO 14179 should be verified.
• Executive Order 13859 — "Maintaining American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence" (February 11, 2019, Trump I).

OMB and Government-Wide Policy

• OMB Memorandum M-25-21 — "Accelerating Federal Use of AI through Innovation, Governance, and Public Trust" (April 2025). Replaced Biden-era M-24-10. Sets governance requirements for federal agency AI use.
• OMB Memorandum M-25-22 — "Driving Efficient Acquisition of Artificial Intelligence in Government" (April 2025). Federal AI procurement standards.
• OMB Memorandum M-24-10 — Biden-era predecessor on federal AI governance (March 2024); rescinded, but cited in ongoing implementation discussions.

Agency Rules and Guidance

Final agency rules and binding or sub-regulatory guidance that specifically target AI. AI-applied interpretations of generally applicable law (e.g., FTC Act Section 5 enforcement, EEOC technical assistance on AI in employment, CFPB AVM circulars) are intentionally excluded from this section.

• NIST AI Risk Management Framework (NIST AI 100-1) — Voluntary AI risk-management framework released January 26, 2023.
• NIST Generative AI Profile (NIST AI 600-1) — Generative-AI companion to the AI RMF, released July 2024.
• Center for AI Standards and Innovation (CAISI) — Successor to the U.S. AI Safety Institute; houses NIST AI evaluation work and frontier-model assessment partnerships. Related: Google, Microsoft, and xAI joined the CAISI early-access program in May 2026.
• FTC AI Policy Statement (March 2026) — Issued pursuant to the December 11, 2025 EO. Addresses application of the FTC Act to AI models and identifies circumstances in which state laws requiring alterations to truthful AI outputs are preempted.
• Commerce Department State AI Laws Assessment (March 2026) — Federal evaluation of state AI laws issued pursuant to the December 11, 2025 EO; flags state laws for DOJ Task Force referral.
• DOJ AI Litigation Task Force (January 2026) — DOJ task force established pursuant to the December 11, 2025 EO to challenge state AI laws on preemption and Commerce Clause grounds.
• Department of Education AI in Education Rule (April 2026) — Final rule establishing AI-specific priorities for education grants.
• FDA AI/ML Guidance — FDA has issued multiple AI-specific guidance documents for medical devices and drug development, including the December 2024 final guidance on Predetermined Change Control Plans (PCCP) for AI-enabled device software.

Pending Federal Legislation

Bill	Sponsor(s)	Status	Key Provisions
TRUMP AMERICA AI Act	Sen. Blackburn	Discussion draft; April 2026 momentum (see coverage)	National AI framework with state preemption
GUARDRAILS Act	Reps. Beyer, Matsui, Lieu	Introduced March 2026	Blocks federal preemption of state AI laws
AI Foundation Model Transparency Act	Bipartisan	Introduced March 2026	Transparency requirements for foundation models
CHATBOT Act (S. 2714)	Sens. Cruz, Schatz, Curtis, Schiff	Introduced April 28, 2026	Parental controls; limits on manipulative design; prohibits targeted ads to minors

Related legislative activity:

• House Jailbroken AI Demo (April 2026) — Congressional hearing demonstrating AI safety failures; cited in support of federal-framework legislation.