NDAA FY2025 AI Provisions: Difference between revisions
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<div style="font-size:1.15em;"><strong>Law & policy information</strong></div> | |||
<div style="padding:0.55em 0; border-bottom:1px solid #e0e5eb;"><strong>Name</strong><br />NDAA FY2025 AI Provisions</div> | |||
<div style="padding:0.55em 0; border-bottom:1px solid #e0e5eb;"><strong>Jurisdiction</strong><br />United States — Federal</div> | |||
<div style="padding:0.55em 0; border-bottom:1px solid #e0e5eb;"><strong>Instrument type</strong><br />Legislation</div> | |||
<div style="padding:0.55em 0; border-bottom:1px solid #e0e5eb;"><strong>Bill / legal citation</strong><br />Pub. L. 118-159 (H.R. 5009)<ref name="ndaa25-enacted">[https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-118publ159/html/PLAW-118publ159.htm Public Law 118-159], 138 Stat. 1773, approved December 23, 2024 (H.R. 5009), § 1.</ref></div> | |||
<div style="padding:0.55em 0; border-bottom:1px solid #e0e5eb;"><strong>Legislative or adoption status</strong><br />See the dated record below.</div> | |||
<div style="padding:0.55em 0; border-bottom:1px solid #e0e5eb;"><strong>Effective dates</strong><br />See the timeline and source documents below.</div> | |||
<div style="padding:0.55em 0; border-bottom:1px solid #e0e5eb;"><strong>Last source verification</strong><br />Not recorded as a single article-wide date; see the dated source notes.</div> | |||
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== Overview == | |||
The '''NDAA FY2025 AI Provisions''' refer to the artificial intelligence-specific sections enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025. Enacted as an amendment to H.R. 5009 (the WILD Act), the FY2025 NDAA authorized US$895 billion in defense spending and contained several significant AI provisions despite the exclusion of some proposed AI bills. | The '''NDAA FY2025 AI Provisions''' refer to the artificial intelligence-specific sections enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025. Enacted as an amendment to H.R. 5009 (the WILD Act), the FY2025 NDAA authorized US$895 billion in defense spending and contained several significant AI provisions despite the exclusion of some proposed AI bills. | ||
== | == Legislative details == | ||
*'''Official Title:''' Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 | *'''Official Title:''' Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025 | ||
*'''Public Law:''' Pub. L. 118- | *'''Public Law:''' Pub. L. 118-159 (H.R. 5009)<ref name="ndaa25-enacted">[https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-118publ159/html/PLAW-118publ159.htm Public Law 118-159], 138 Stat. 1773, approved December 23, 2024 (H.R. 5009), § 1.</ref> | ||
*'''Signed:''' | *'''Signed:''' December 23, 2024<ref name="ndaa25-enacted" /> | ||
*'''Total Authorization:''' US$895 billion | *'''Total Authorization:''' US$895 billion | ||
== Legislative | <span id="Legislative_History"></span> | ||
== Legislative history == | |||
The FY2025 NDAA was released as a compromise text on December 7, 2024. The House passed the bill on December 11, and the Senate followed on December 18, with an 85-14 vote. | The FY2025 NDAA was released as a compromise text on December 7, 2024. The House passed the bill on December 11, and the Senate followed on December 18, with an 85-14 vote. The bill was approved on December 23, 2024.<ref name="ndaa25-enacted" /> The final text exceeded 1,800 pages. | ||
Notably, several proposed AI bills were excluded from the final legislation, including the CREATE AI Act. The absence of these provisions reflected the challenging politics of AI legislation even in the defense authorization context. | Notably, several proposed AI bills were excluded from the final legislation, including the CREATE AI Act. The absence of these provisions reflected the challenging politics of AI legislation even in the defense authorization context. | ||
== | <span id="Key_AI_Provisions"></span> | ||
== Requirements == | |||
=== Pilot Programs === | === Pilot Programs === | ||
*'''Section 236:''' Pilot program for AI in security-related biotechnology applications | *'''Section 236:''' Pilot program for AI in security-related biotechnology applications | ||
*'''Section 237:''' Pilot for AI to optimize workflow at DOD facilities | *'''Section 237:''' Pilot for AI to optimize workflow at DOD facilities | ||
| Line 23: | Line 35: | ||
=== Human Factors and Infrastructure === | === Human Factors and Infrastructure === | ||
*'''Section 1531:''' Integration of human factors into AI system design and deployment | *'''Section 1531:''' Integration of human factors into AI system design and deployment | ||
*'''Section 1532:''' Enable advanced AI capabilities through advanced computing infrastructure | *'''Section 1532:''' Enable advanced AI capabilities through advanced computing infrastructure | ||
| Line 29: | Line 40: | ||
=== Center of Excellence for AI-Enabled Weapons === | === Center of Excellence for AI-Enabled Weapons === | ||
*'''Section 1534:''' Directed the Secretary of Defense to evaluate the feasibility of establishing centers for AI-enabled weapons systems development, including: | *'''Section 1534:''' Directed the Secretary of Defense to evaluate the feasibility of establishing centers for AI-enabled weapons systems development, including: | ||
**Capturing, analyzing, and sharing lessons learned | **Capturing, analyzing, and sharing lessons learned | ||
| Line 36: | Line 46: | ||
=== Chief Digital and AI Officer Governing Council === | === Chief Digital and AI Officer Governing Council === | ||
*'''Section 225:''' Expanded duties regarding AI models and advanced AI technologies: | *'''Section 225:''' Expanded duties regarding AI models and advanced AI technologies: | ||
**Identify and assess AI models/technologies that could pose national security risk if accessed by adversaries | **Identify and assess AI models/technologies that could pose national security risk if accessed by adversaries | ||
| Line 43: | Line 52: | ||
=== International AI Partnerships === | === International AI Partnerships === | ||
*'''Section 1087:''' Secretary of Defense directed to establish a working group with U.S. allies for AI defense initiatives, including: | *'''Section 1087:''' Secretary of Defense directed to establish a working group with U.S. allies for AI defense initiatives, including: | ||
**Comparing tools and practices | **Comparing tools and practices | ||
| Line 52: | Line 60: | ||
=== Congressional Perspectives on AI === | === Congressional Perspectives on AI === | ||
*'''Section 1638:''' Recognized AI opportunities (strengthening strategic communications, reducing collateral damage risk, enhancing weapons functionality modeling) alongside risks (compromising U.S. strategic assets, including nuclear safeguards). Advised particular care to mitigate AI development risks. | *'''Section 1638:''' Recognized AI opportunities (strengthening strategic communications, reducing collateral damage risk, enhancing weapons functionality modeling) alongside risks (compromising U.S. strategic assets, including nuclear safeguards). Advised particular care to mitigate AI development risks. | ||
=== Business Operations === | === Business Operations === | ||
*'''Section 1007:''' Empowered DOD to use AI for business operations, including audits of FY2025 financial statements | *'''Section 1007:''' Empowered DOD to use AI for business operations, including audits of FY2025 financial statements | ||
== DOD AI Initiatives (Concurrent) == | == DOD AI Initiatives (Concurrent) == | ||
Concurrent with the legislation, DOD launched US$100 million in AI initiatives through the AI Rapid Capabilities Cell (AI RCC) — a partnership between CDAO and the Defense Innovation Unit. Projects included generative AI pilots for warfighting, computation and digital sandboxes for AI experimentation, and rapid user-centric experimentation. | Concurrent with the legislation, DOD launched US$100 million in AI initiatives through the AI Rapid Capabilities Cell (AI RCC) — a partnership between CDAO and the Defense Innovation Unit. Projects included generative AI pilots for warfighting, computation and digital sandboxes for AI experimentation, and rapid user-centric experimentation. | ||
== Significance == | == Significance == | ||
The FY2025 NDAA continued the trend of expanding AI provisions within the annual defense authorization, with particular emphasis on pilot programs, international cooperation, and infrastructure. The expansion of CDAO's governing council duties reflected growing concern about AI-related national security risks, while the Center of Excellence feasibility study signaled interest in institutionalizing AI weapons development. | The FY2025 NDAA continued the trend of expanding AI provisions within the annual defense authorization, with particular emphasis on pilot programs, international cooperation, and infrastructure. The expansion of CDAO's governing council duties reflected growing concern about AI-related national security risks, while the Center of Excellence feasibility study signaled interest in institutionalizing AI weapons development. | ||
The exclusion of the CREATE AI Act and other standalone AI bills from the NDAA illustrated the challenges of advancing comprehensive AI legislation through the defense authorization process, where provisions must relate directly to national security. | The exclusion of the CREATE AI Act and other standalone AI bills from the NDAA illustrated the challenges of advancing comprehensive AI legislation through the defense authorization process, where provisions must relate directly to national security. | ||
== | <span id="Sources"></span> | ||
== Source documents == | |||
*[https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-118publ159/html/PLAW-118publ159.htm Public Law 118-159 — enacted text] | |||
*K&L Gates — [https://www.klgates.com/Key-Provisions-on-Artificial-Intelligence-in-Fiscal-Year-2025-NDAA-1-2-2025 Key Provisions on AI in FY2025 NDAA] | *K&L Gates — [https://www.klgates.com/Key-Provisions-on-Artificial-Intelligence-in-Fiscal-Year-2025-NDAA-1-2-2025 Key Provisions on AI in FY2025 NDAA] | ||
*Akin Gump — [https://www.akingump.com/en/insights/alerts/congress-moves-forward-with-ai-measures-in-key-defense-legislation Congress Moves Forward with AI Measures] | *Akin Gump — [https://www.akingump.com/en/insights/alerts/congress-moves-forward-with-ai-measures-in-key-defense-legislation Congress Moves Forward with AI Measures] | ||
| Line 76: | Line 81: | ||
*Larsen House — [https://larsen.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=4070 AI Provisions in Defense Policy Bill] | *Larsen House — [https://larsen.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=4070 AI Provisions in Defense Policy Bill] | ||
== | <span id="See_Also"></span> | ||
== Related articles == | |||
*[[NDAA AI Provisions]] | *[[NDAA AI Provisions]] | ||
*[[NDAA FY2024 AI Provisions]] | *[[NDAA FY2024 AI Provisions]] | ||
*[[NDAA FY2026 AI Provisions]] | *[[NDAA FY2026 AI Provisions]] | ||
*[[Advancing American AI Act]] | *[[Advancing American AI Act]] | ||
*[[Legislation]] | *[[Legislation and Regulation]] | ||
== References == | |||
<references /> | |||
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[[Category:Federal Legislation]] | [[Category:Federal Legislation]] | ||
[[Category:United States]] | [[Category:United States]] | ||
Latest revision as of 21:32, 12 September 2026
Law & policy information
Name
NDAA FY2025 AI Provisions
NDAA FY2025 AI Provisions
Jurisdiction
United States — Federal
United States — Federal
Instrument type
Legislation
Legislation
Bill / legal citation
Pub. L. 118-159 (H.R. 5009)[1]
Pub. L. 118-159 (H.R. 5009)[1]
Legislative or adoption status
See the dated record below.
See the dated record below.
Effective dates
See the timeline and source documents below.
See the timeline and source documents below.
Last source verification
Not recorded as a single article-wide date; see the dated source notes.
Not recorded as a single article-wide date; see the dated source notes.
Overview
The NDAA FY2025 AI Provisions refer to the artificial intelligence-specific sections enacted as part of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025. Enacted as an amendment to H.R. 5009 (the WILD Act), the FY2025 NDAA authorized US$895 billion in defense spending and contained several significant AI provisions despite the exclusion of some proposed AI bills.
Legislative details
- Official Title: Servicemember Quality of Life Improvement and National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2025
- Public Law: Pub. L. 118-159 (H.R. 5009)[1]
- Signed: December 23, 2024[1]
- Total Authorization: US$895 billion
Legislative history
The FY2025 NDAA was released as a compromise text on December 7, 2024. The House passed the bill on December 11, and the Senate followed on December 18, with an 85-14 vote. The bill was approved on December 23, 2024.[1] The final text exceeded 1,800 pages.
Notably, several proposed AI bills were excluded from the final legislation, including the CREATE AI Act. The absence of these provisions reflected the challenging politics of AI legislation even in the defense authorization context.
Requirements
Pilot Programs
- Section 236: Pilot program for AI in security-related biotechnology applications
- Section 237: Pilot for AI to optimize workflow at DOD facilities
- Both pilots overseen by the Secretary of Defense with yearly evaluations
Human Factors and Infrastructure
- Section 1531: Integration of human factors into AI system design and deployment
- Section 1532: Enable advanced AI capabilities through advanced computing infrastructure
- Section 1533: Develop a plan to streamline budgeting for data acquisition needed for AI training and deployment
Center of Excellence for AI-Enabled Weapons
- Section 1534: Directed the Secretary of Defense to evaluate the feasibility of establishing centers for AI-enabled weapons systems development, including:
- Capturing, analyzing, and sharing lessons learned
- Facilitating collaboration between DOD, foreign partners, industry, academia, and nonprofits
- Ukraine specifically mentioned as an international partner that would benefit
Chief Digital and AI Officer Governing Council
- Section 225: Expanded duties regarding AI models and advanced AI technologies:
- Identify and assess AI models/technologies that could pose national security risk if accessed by adversaries
- Develop strategies to prevent unauthorized access by adversary countries
- Make recommendations to Congress and federal agencies for legislative or administrative action on AI
International AI Partnerships
- Section 1087: Secretary of Defense directed to establish a working group with U.S. allies for AI defense initiatives, including:
- Comparing tools and practices
- Identifying solutions to accelerate interoperability
- Developing shared strategies and regulations
- Testing member capabilities
- Sharing best practices for innovation
Congressional Perspectives on AI
- Section 1638: Recognized AI opportunities (strengthening strategic communications, reducing collateral damage risk, enhancing weapons functionality modeling) alongside risks (compromising U.S. strategic assets, including nuclear safeguards). Advised particular care to mitigate AI development risks.
Business Operations
- Section 1007: Empowered DOD to use AI for business operations, including audits of FY2025 financial statements
DOD AI Initiatives (Concurrent)
Concurrent with the legislation, DOD launched US$100 million in AI initiatives through the AI Rapid Capabilities Cell (AI RCC) — a partnership between CDAO and the Defense Innovation Unit. Projects included generative AI pilots for warfighting, computation and digital sandboxes for AI experimentation, and rapid user-centric experimentation.
Significance
The FY2025 NDAA continued the trend of expanding AI provisions within the annual defense authorization, with particular emphasis on pilot programs, international cooperation, and infrastructure. The expansion of CDAO's governing council duties reflected growing concern about AI-related national security risks, while the Center of Excellence feasibility study signaled interest in institutionalizing AI weapons development.
The exclusion of the CREATE AI Act and other standalone AI bills from the NDAA illustrated the challenges of advancing comprehensive AI legislation through the defense authorization process, where provisions must relate directly to national security.
Source documents
- Public Law 118-159 — enacted text
- K&L Gates — Key Provisions on AI in FY2025 NDAA
- Akin Gump — Congress Moves Forward with AI Measures
- Purdue — Selected AI Provisions in FY2025 NDAA
- Larsen House — AI Provisions in Defense Policy Bill
Related articles
- NDAA AI Provisions
- NDAA FY2024 AI Provisions
- NDAA FY2026 AI Provisions
- Advancing American AI Act
- Legislation and Regulation
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Public Law 118-159, 138 Stat. 1773, approved December 23, 2024 (H.R. 5009), § 1.